How is tempered glass tempered?

 

    Toughened glass is actually a kind of prestressed glass. In order to improve the strength of glass, chemical or physical methods are usually used to form compressive stress on the glass surface. When the glass bears external force, it first offsets the surface stress, so as to improve the bearing capacity and improve the tensile strength of glass.


 

    1. Physical tempering method

      The principle of physical tempering method is to heat the glass to a suitable temperature and then cool it quickly, so that the glass surface shrinks sharply and produces compressive stress. However, the middle layer of the glass cools slowly and has no time to shrink, so it forms tensile stress and makes the glass obtain higher strength. Generally speaking, the higher the cooling strength, the greater the glass strength. There are many physical tempering methods, which can be divided into the following types according to the cooling medium: gas medium tempering method, liquid medium tempering method, particle tempering method, fog tempering method, etc.

    2. Chemical tempering

      Chemical tempering refers to the tempering method that changes the surface composition of glass through chemical methods, increases the surface lamination stress, and increases the mechanical strength and thermal stability of glass. It is also called ion exchange enhancement method because it strengthens glass through ion exchange. According to the type of ion exchange and the temperature of ion exchange, it can be divided into ion exchange method below the transition point and ion exchange method above the transition point.

      The principle of chemical enhancement method is to change the surface composition of the glass according to the mechanism of ion diffusion. Immerse the glass into the high-temperature molten salt at a certain temperature. The alkali metal ions in the glass and the alkali metal ions in the molten salt exchange with each other due to diffusion, resulting in "congestion" phenomenon, resulting in compressive stress on the glass surface, so as to improve the strength of the glass.

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